Re: [linrad] DSP Question

[Alberto di Bene <dibene@xxxxxxx>]

Mark Erbaugh wrote:

>In my case, the IF that I am sampling is at12 kHz. Since this is a real
>signal the frequencies range from 0 on up.
>
Mark,
  if the signal is real, it has both the positive and the negative 
spectrum components.
For an explanation look here :
http://ptolemy.eecs.berkeley.edu/eecs20/week10/negativefreqs.html
or here, starting at mid page :
http://www.qsl.net/dl6iak/projects/iqmodulator.htm

>So now, I have these samples that represent 0 to 24 kHz, and a mirror image
>at -24 kHz to 0.  I digitally mix this with a complex 12 kHz signal.  This
>shifts everything  up by 12 kHz so, if I understand it the signal that was
>at -12 kHz is now at 0 Hz, the signal that was at 12 kHz is now at 24 kHz.
>My question is what happened to the signal that was at 18 kHz. Adding 12 kHz
>to it puts it at 30 kHz out of the range of my samples.  Also since there
>was no input signal at - 30 kHz what is now at -18 kHz?  I realize that the
>original 18 kHz signal had a mirror image at -18 kHz that is now shifted up
>to -6 kHz.
>
Don't forget that when sampling you have the spectrum cyclically 
repeated at all the positive and negative
multiples (zero included) of the sampling frequency. I think that, 
instead of giving a lengthy explanation
in words, it is much more useful if you look at these two pages that I 
have scanned from the Frerking book
that I mentioned in a previous message. They should clarify the issue.
http://images.i2phd.com/page131.gif
http://images.i2phd.com/page132.gif

>However, generating a 12 kHz complex signal for a 48 kHz sample rate was
>very simple and precise. Since 12 kHz is exactly 1/4 of the sample rate, all
>the sin and cos terms became -1, 0 or +1.  This wasn't the case with the
>10.75 or 13.25 kHz rates.
>
>I'm wondering if (or how) I can simply mix with the 12 kHz signal, do a
>complex FFT on the resulting I and Q signals and then somehow "rotate" the
>FFT bins to bring the desired signal to 0 Hz?  Then could I apply your
>technique below of taking the complex conjugate of the signals near zero and
>mirroring them to the opposite end (24 kHz)?
>
>  
>
To generate a complex NCO signal with millihertz resolution, you can use 
the routine that you can find
in the SDRadio source I sent you.
The technique of shifting the FFT spectrum is much more simple, but has 
the drawback that the minimum
step is the FFT bin size. which not always is fine enough. Doing a 
complex mixing requires certainly more
computational resources, but allows arbitrary shift amounts. That NCO 
routine can easily generate the sin
and cos components of the 10.75 or 13.25 kHz signals that you give as 
examples.

73  Alberto  I2PHD



LINRADDARNIL